Jonathan Petts has over 15 years of experience in bankruptcy and is co-founder and CEO of Upsolve. He is a member of the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys (NACBA) and the American Bankruptcy Institute (ABI). Jonathan has an LLM in Bankruptcy from St. John's University, clerked for two federal bankruptcy judges, and worked at two top New York City law firms specializing in bankruptcy.
Articles written by Jonathan Petts
What Are the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Income Limits?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 15, 2025
There’s no single income limit for filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Instead, the court compares your average monthly income over the past six months to the median income for your household size in your state. If your income is below that median, you likely qualify based on income alone. If your income is higher, you may still qualify by showing that your necessary expenses leave little to no disposable income. These income limits exist to make sure Chapter 7 is used by people who truly can’t afford to repay their debts.
Read More →What Are the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Income Limits?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 15, 2025
There’s no single income limit for filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Instead, the court compares your average monthly income over the past six months to the median income for your household size in your state. If your income is below that median, you likely qualify based on income alone. If your income is higher, you may still qualify by showing that your necessary expenses leave little to no disposable income. These income limits exist to make sure Chapter 7 is used by people who truly can’t afford to repay their debts.
Read More →How To File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy for Free: A 10-Step Guide
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a powerful debt relief tool. More than 356,000 people filed Chapter 7 to get a fresh start last year (2025), according to US Courts data. It's a lifeline for those who are drowning in debt and can't see a way out. Though bankruptcy requires a lot of paperwork and documentation, many people with simple cases file successfully on their own without a lawyer. We outline the steps to file your case successfully.
Read More →How To File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy for Free: A 10-Step Guide
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a powerful debt relief tool. More than 356,000 people filed Chapter 7 to get a fresh start last year (2025), according to US Courts data. It's a lifeline for those who are drowning in debt and can't see a way out. Though bankruptcy requires a lot of paperwork and documentation, many people with simple cases file successfully on their own without a lawyer. We outline the steps to file your case successfully.
Read More →How To Pick a DIY Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Software
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy on your own is possible, and many people choose this DIY route to save money and stay in control. This guide breaks down the most popular bankruptcy software options available, including free and low-cost tools. You'll learn how each one works, what features to look for, and how to decide which is right for your situation. If you're eligible, Upsolve offers a free online tool to help you file without hiring a lawyer.
Read More →Chapter 7 Means Test Calculator
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 22, 2025
If you're thinking about filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, one of the first steps is taking the "means test." This test helps figure out whether you qualify based on your income and expenses. The idea behind it is simple: If you can afford to pay back some of your debts, the law may not allow you to wipe them out through Chapter 7. But if your income is low enough — or your necessary expenses are high — you may still qualify. The test has two main parts. First, you'll compare your income to the median income in your state. If your income is below the limit, you're done — you qualify. If it's above, you'll move on to a second part that looks more closely at your expenses to see how much money you really have left over.
Read More →Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Forms Explained: A Simple Guide To Get Started
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 12, 2025
Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy requires completing a packet of 23 official forms, including a voluntary petition, schedules, and financial statements. Together, these forms make up what’s commonly called your bankruptcy petition. Each form serves a specific purpose, such as listing your debts, assets, income, and expenses. While it might seem like a lot, most of the information comes from documents you already have.
Read More →Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Forms Explained: A Simple Guide To Get Started
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 12, 2025
Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy requires completing a packet of 23 official forms, including a voluntary petition, schedules, and financial statements. Together, these forms make up what’s commonly called your bankruptcy petition. Each form serves a specific purpose, such as listing your debts, assets, income, and expenses. While it might seem like a lot, most of the information comes from documents you already have.
Read More →What Are the Oklahoma Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2026
If you file Chapter 7 in Oklahoma, you’ll use the state’s bankruptcy exemptions to protect your property. Oklahoma has a generous homestead exemption that allows bankruptcy filers to protect all the equity in their home, provided it isn’t on more than 1 acre in an urban area or 160 acres in a rural area. The motor vehicle exemption for single filers in Oklahoma is $7,500.
Read More →How To Redeem Your Car in Bankruptcy
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 19, 2025
Redeeming your car debt in bankruptcy can make sense if the car is worth much less than the amount you owe on your car loan. Redemption allows you to pay the lender the value of the car, rather than the larger amount you owe. This article covers how redemption works, what’s required to redeem your car, the pros and cons of redemption, and the procedure for redeeming a car in bankruptcy.
Read More →How To Redeem Your Car in Bankruptcy
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 19, 2025
Redeeming your car debt in bankruptcy can make sense if the car is worth much less than the amount you owe on your car loan. Redemption allows you to pay the lender the value of the car, rather than the larger amount you owe. This article covers how redemption works, what’s required to redeem your car, the pros and cons of redemption, and the procedure for redeeming a car in bankruptcy.
Read More →How Do I Add a Creditor After I've Filed My Forms?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 12, 2025
What follows is a step by step guide on how to add a creditor after filing bankruptcy. The process for this is often very specific and differs from district to district, but there are some things that are the same across the board. If you're an Upsolve user, you can use the case editor and the self-service amendment feature to update your forms.
Read More →How To Fight Student Loan Debt in Bankruptcy: Adversary Proceedings Explained
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 27, 2025
If you want to get your federal student loan debt discharged as part of your bankruptcy case, you’ll need to file an adversary proceeding (AP). An AP is a legal process used in bankruptcy court to resolve specific issues or disputes that arise during a bankruptcy case. Due to changes in late 2022, APs for federal student loan discharge may look different than other APs. Under the 2022 guidance, discharge proceedings are meant to be simpler and more efficient for bankruptcy filers. If you’re filing an adversary proceeding to discharge federal student loans, you may be able to handle it yourself, without hiring an attorney. This article explains how APs work for bankruptcy filers seeking to discharge student loan debt through bankruptcy.
Read More →How Is Upsolve Free?
Written by Jonathan Petts.
Updated July 8, 2025
A note from our CEO on why transparency matters to us.
Read More →How Is Upsolve Free?
Written by Jonathan Petts.
Updated July 8, 2025
A note from our CEO on why transparency matters to us.
Read More →What Are the Alabama Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
Alabama residents of at least two years filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy will need to use the state’s exemptions to protect their personal property during the case. Alabama’s homestead exemption is $18,800, but will increase on July 1, 2026. It also offers a $9,400 wildcard exemption that you can use to protect most types of personal property, including a vehicle, with a few exceptions. Filers in Alabama can also use the federal non-bankruptcy exemptions to protect certain benefits and retirement funds.
Read More →The Complete Guide To Understanding Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Written by Kristin Turner, Harvard Law Grad. Legally reviewed by Attorney Andrea Wimmer
Updated January 14, 2026
Chapter 7 bankruptcy helps people erase certain debts they can’t afford to pay, like credit card balances and medical bills. It’s the most common type of bankruptcy and offers fast relief, often wrapping up in 3–6 months. To qualify, you’ll need to meet income guidelines and complete a short course. While not all debts can be wiped out, many people keep all of their property and feel immediate relief from collection efforts.
Read More →How Bankruptcy Changes Lives — And Why I’m Helping Others: The Story Behind Upsolve
Written by Jonathan Petts.
Written May 5, 2025
A note from our CEO, Jonathan Petts, on how Upsolve got started.
Read More →What Is the Difference Between an EIN, TIN, and ITIN?
Written by the Upsolve Team. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2025
The acronyms EIN, TIN, and ITIN are used by the IRS to identify the different types of tax ID numbers. The main difference between an EIN and an ITIN or TIN is that an EIN is used for business entities while an ITIN is used for individuals. TIN is an umbrella term for the various kinds of taxpayer identification numbers.
Read More →How (and Why) To File Back Taxes if You Haven’t Filed in Years
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 30, 2025
If you haven't filed a tax return in years, you may be wondering how to get back on track. The best way to make up for missed filings is to go back and file your old/missed returns with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Late or missing tax return filings can lead to penalties and possible legal trouble. If you have missed any tax filings in previous years, gather your old tax forms and file as soon as possible. You can file old tax returns online, in person at a local IRS office, or by mail.
Read More →What Are the Arizona Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 27, 2025
Exemptions help you protect your property and assets in bankruptcy. There are both state and federal exemptions, but Arizona has opted out of the federal bankruptcy exemptions. That means, if you’ve lived in Arizona for at least two years when you file your bankruptcy case, you have to use Arizona's exemption laws. Arizona has a generous homestead exemption of $250,000. The motor vehicle exemption is $15,000 for single filers (or $25,000 if you or a dependent is disabled). Arizona does not have a wildcard exemption.
Read More →Is Upsolve real? Is this a legitimate service?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 22, 2020
Yes! Upsolve is 100% a legitimate service! We are a small mission-driven team of dedicated individuals, focused on a single goal: Helping low-income Americans struggling with too much debt get a fresh start by filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Read More →My Bankruptcy Was Dismissed. What Happens Now?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 12, 2025
Your bankruptcy case may be dismissed if you don't complete all your obligations as a bankruptcy filer under the Bankruptcy Code. This includes filing all the required documents correctly and completely, doing your required credit counseling and debt management courses, and going to the 341 meeting with your trustee. If you file Chapter 13, you also need to stick with your approved repayment plan. If you don't do all this, you risk having your case dismissed.
Read More →Filing Bankruptcy as a Licensed Professional: What To Expect
Written by Attorney Amelia Niemi. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 18, 2025
Filing bankruptcy usually won’t cause you to lose your professional license, but some professions have extra rules. Certain licensing boards may require you to report your bankruptcy, and some jobs, like lawyers and real estate agents, may have restrictions on handling client funds. If you're applying for a new license or renewal, your bankruptcy might be reviewed, but it’s rarely a dealbreaker. Checking your state’s rules can help you understand any requirements before you file.
Read More →Bankruptcy Amendments: How To Correct or Update Your Forms
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 26, 2025
If you make a mistake or accidentally leave information out of your bankruptcy forms, you can almost always amend them after you file. The trustee in your bankruptcy case may also ask you to file an amendment after meeting with you in your 341 meeting. Be sure to fill out the amended forms carefully with the correct information and follow any local court rules to submit the amended forms. Most amended forms don't require a filing fee.
Read More →I Got My Chapter 7 Discharge! Now What?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 5, 2025
A bankruptcy discharge is a court order that permanently eliminates your legal obligation to repay certain debts. It also prevents creditors from trying to collect them. In Chapter 7 bankruptcy, filers are typically discharged within a few months. In Chapter 13, the bankruptcy discharge occurs after you complete a 3–5-year repayment plan. Most unsecured debts like credit cards, medical bills, and personal loans can be discharged. Some debts — such as child support, alimony, and recent taxes — can’t. Once you receive your discharge, you can focus on rebuilding your financial future by checking your credit report, creating a budget, and using credit responsibly.
Read More →Is Life Insurance Protected in Bankruptcy? Your Essential Guide
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 27, 2025
Life insurance can affect your bankruptcy case if your policy has cash value or if you receive a payout after someone passes away. Whether you can keep the policy or the money depends on your state’s exemption laws, the type of policy, and when the money becomes yours. Some life insurance is fully protected in bankruptcy, but other parts might count as assets the trustee can use to repay creditors. Understanding what kind of policy you have is the first step. If you’re not sure how this applies to your situation, consider setting up a free consultation with a bankruptcy attorney.
Read More →Using the National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) To Get Your Federal Student Loan Information
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 24, 2025
You can find all of the info you need to know for your federal student loans in the National Student Loan Data System. This central database contains all of the information you will need to understand your federal student loans including: your loan balance, due dates, eligibility for new loans, and more. If you need to download an NSLDS report, log in to your account on studentaid.gov using your FSA ID and password. Once you're in your account, hover over your name on the top right of the screen and select "My Aid." From there, you can select "Download My Aid Data." Your data will be downloaded as a .txt file.
Read More →When To Stop Using Credit Cards Before Filing Chapter 7
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 6, 2025
Once you’ve decided to file bankruptcy, it’s a good idea to stop using your credit cards as soon as possible. Many experts suggest avoiding new charges at least 90 days before filing. Using credit cards too close to filing can create problems, especially if the court thinks you made charges knowing you wouldn’t pay them back. Stopping early can help make the process smoother and protect your path to a fresh start.
Read More →Can Secured Debt Be Discharged in Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 10, 2024
Yes, most secured debt can be discharged in bankruptcy. In Chapter 7 cases, that means your personal liability for the debt is wiped out with the Chapter 7 discharge. But since secured debts are connected to collateral, you don't get to keep the collateral unless you pay the debt. To do so, you may need to reaffirm the debt. In Chapter 13, you repay secured debts through the repayment plan. In both cases, you can surrender the collateral, which means the debt is no longer secured.
Read More →How Does Secured Debt Work?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 21, 2025
Secured debt is a loan backed by collateral, like a house or car, which the lender can take if payments aren’t made. Because the lender’s risk is lower, secured loans often come with easier approval and lower interest rates compared to unsecured debt. While this makes them a useful tool for big purchases or debt consolidation, the trade-off is the risk of losing the property if you fall behind. In bankruptcy, secured debt is treated differently than unsecured debt, and borrowers must decide whether to keep paying for the property or surrender it to the lender.
Read More →How Does Secured Debt Work?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 21, 2025
Secured debt is a loan backed by collateral, like a house or car, which the lender can take if payments aren’t made. Because the lender’s risk is lower, secured loans often come with easier approval and lower interest rates compared to unsecured debt. While this makes them a useful tool for big purchases or debt consolidation, the trade-off is the risk of losing the property if you fall behind. In bankruptcy, secured debt is treated differently than unsecured debt, and borrowers must decide whether to keep paying for the property or surrender it to the lender.
Read More →Can I Discharge Private Student Loans in Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2025
In rare cases, filing bankruptcy can help you get rid of private student loans, but they are much harder to get rid of than other kinds of debts like credit card debt or medical bills. To have your private student loans discharged you will need to prove that your loan was a qualified education loan and that paying off the loan would cause you “undue hardship.” You prove undue hardship as part of an adversary proceeding. This is an additional proceeding on top of your bankruptcy case. For private student loans, these proceedings are run a lot like a civil lawsuit. To file bankruptcy on private student loans successfully, many people chose to hire an experienced bankruptcy attorney.
Read More →How To Pass the Chapter 7 Means Test
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 26, 2025
To qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you need to pass a means test. In the test, you compare your income with the median income of a similar size household in your state. If your income is lower, you pass the test. If it’s higher, you have to move on to the next step in the means test, which takes your expenses and disposable income into account.
Read More →Can Attorney Fees Be Included in Bankruptcy?
Written by Jonathan Petts. Legally reviewed by Attorney Andrea Wimmer
Updated August 13, 2025
If you owe attorney fees when you go to file your bankruptcy case, most will be treated as unsecured debt and discharged as part of your bankruptcy case. There are some exceptions to this, especially for attorney fees related to family court matters. Keep reading to learn more about how attorney fees are treated in bankruptcy.
Read More →Should I File for Bankruptcy for Credit Card Debt?
Written by the Upsolve Team. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated November 7, 2024
If you're overwhelmed by credit card debt, filing for bankruptcy may be a way to erase it and get a fresh financial start. Many people consider options like credit counseling or debt management first, but bankruptcy can be a powerful solution when other methods aren't enough. This article will help you understand if bankruptcy is the right choice for dealing with your credit card debt.
Read More →Should I File for Bankruptcy for Credit Card Debt?
Written by the Upsolve Team. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated November 7, 2024
If you're overwhelmed by credit card debt, filing for bankruptcy may be a way to erase it and get a fresh financial start. Many people consider options like credit counseling or debt management first, but bankruptcy can be a powerful solution when other methods aren't enough. This article will help you understand if bankruptcy is the right choice for dealing with your credit card debt.
Read More →Filing Bankruptcy on Tax Debt? What You Need to Know
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 12, 2025
Bankruptcy can eliminate some IRS tax debt, but it depends on the type of tax debt and how long you’ve owed it. Chapter 7 bankruptcy can wipe out older income tax debt if it meets strict IRS rules. If your tax debt doesn’t qualify for discharge, Chapter 13 bankruptcy may still help by stopping IRS collection efforts and setting up a structured repayment plan that can help you get back on track. Even if bankruptcy can’t erase your tax debt, it can give you breathing room by pausing IRS actions like wage garnishment and bank levies. If you’re struggling with tax debt, understanding your options can help you find the best path forward.
Read More →Filing Bankruptcy on Tax Debt? What You Need to Know
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 12, 2025
Bankruptcy can eliminate some IRS tax debt, but it depends on the type of tax debt and how long you’ve owed it. Chapter 7 bankruptcy can wipe out older income tax debt if it meets strict IRS rules. If your tax debt doesn’t qualify for discharge, Chapter 13 bankruptcy may still help by stopping IRS collection efforts and setting up a structured repayment plan that can help you get back on track. Even if bankruptcy can’t erase your tax debt, it can give you breathing room by pausing IRS actions like wage garnishment and bank levies. If you’re struggling with tax debt, understanding your options can help you find the best path forward.
Read More →How To Get Your Credit Report for Free
Written by Attorney Tina Tran. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 29, 2025
Your credit report has a lot of power over your daily life — whether that's when you're buying a new car or applying for an apartment. In addition to using credit responsibly, keeping an eye on your credit report is one of the most valuable things you can do to make sure your financial house is as stable as possible. There are three ways to request a copy of your free credit report.
Read More →Are There Any Advantages to a Voluntary Repossession?
Written by Attorney Thomas J. Pearson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 8, 2025
Voluntary repossession is when you return your car to the lender because you can no longer afford the payments. Sometimes voluntarily returning your car is better than waiting for the lender to repossess the car, as it may reduce repossession costs, give you more control over the process, and help you avoid the embarrassment of an unexpected repossession. However, it may still be reported as a negative mark on your credit report and hurt your credit score. Also, you may be responsible for any remaining balance on the loan after the car is sold.
Read More →What To Do About Debt Collection After a Bankruptcy Discharge
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 8, 2025
A bankruptcy discharge order is a court order that stops creditors from ever being able to collect on dischargeable debts. Despite this powerful court order, some collection agencies or creditors try to collect on discharged debts, which is illegal. If you’re contacted about a discharged debt, tell the debt collector you filed bankruptcy and the debt was discharged. If a debt collector sues or threatens to sue for a discharged debt, respond by letting them know about your discharge. You may even be able to counter sue for damages.
Read More →Can a Creditor Force the Sale of My Home To Pay a Judgment?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 13, 2025
Yes, a creditor can force the sale of your home to pay a judgment, but it is highly uncommon. A creditor has to get a judgment against you to get a lien on your property to force a foreclosure. This process is usually very time-consuming and expensive for a creditor, so this doesn’t happen often. Read on to understand your rights and what to do if a creditor gets a lien on your property.
Read More →What Happens When a Chapter 13 Case Is Dismissed?
Written by Jonathan Petts. Legally reviewed by Attorney Andrea Wimmer
Updated November 21, 2024
When a Chapter 13 bankruptcy is dismissed, your case ends without any debts being discharged, and you lose the protection provided by the bankruptcy court. This means creditors can start or resume collection activities against you, such as wage garnishments, lawsuits, or foreclosure proceedings. Payments you made toward your Chapter 13 repayment plan won’t be refunded, and your debts will revert to what you owed before filing, minus any payments made during the case. Additionally, the dismissal will be noted on your credit report, which can negatively affect your credit score.
Read More →What Happens When a Chapter 13 Case Is Dismissed?
Written by Jonathan Petts. Legally reviewed by Attorney Andrea Wimmer
Updated November 21, 2024
When a Chapter 13 bankruptcy is dismissed, your case ends without any debts being discharged, and you lose the protection provided by the bankruptcy court. This means creditors can start or resume collection activities against you, such as wage garnishments, lawsuits, or foreclosure proceedings. Payments you made toward your Chapter 13 repayment plan won’t be refunded, and your debts will revert to what you owed before filing, minus any payments made during the case. Additionally, the dismissal will be noted on your credit report, which can negatively affect your credit score.
Read More →What Is a Bankruptcy Trustee?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 2, 2025
A bankruptcy trustee is a neutral party who helps manage your case and make sure everything follows bankruptcy law. They don’t work for you or your creditors — their role is to review your paperwork, oversee the case, and handle certain financial matters. In Chapter 7, the trustee may sell non-exempt property, but most cases don’t involve selling anything. In Chapter 13, the trustee reviews your repayment plan and distributes your monthly payments to creditors.
Read More →What Happens After You File for Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 8, 2025
After you file for bankruptcy, the court immediately issues an automatic stay, which stops most collection actions. Your case is then assigned to a trustee who reviews your financial situation and oversees the sale of non-exempt assets in Chapter 7 cases. You'll attend a meeting of creditors, where you answer questions under oath about your finances. If your filing is approved, your eligible debts are discharged, meaning you don’t have to repay them.
Read More →What Does "The Automatic Stay Has Been Lifted" Mean?
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 10, 2024
The automatic stay is one of the biggest benefits of filing for bankruptcy. It provides immediate protection from creditors by halting collection calls, wage garnishments, repossessions, and foreclosures. This legal shield gives you breathing room to address your debts through the bankruptcy process. If the automatic stay is lifted, it means a creditor has successfully petitioned the bankruptcy court to remove these protections for a specific debt. Once the stay is lifted, that creditor can resume collection actions for that debt, such as repossessing your car or foreclosing on your home.
Read More →Does Your Debt Disappear After 7 Years?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 22, 2025
Though it's a common myth, your debt doesn't disppear after seven years of nonpayment. Most debts drop off of your credit report after seven years, but in many cases, you'll still be on the hook to repay the debt.
Read More →Unsecured Debt: What It Is and What Happens if You Don't Repay It?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 21, 2025
Unsecured debt is money you borrow without pledging property as collateral, like credit cards, personal loans, and medical bills. Because the debt is not tied to specific property, lenders can’t automatically take your belongings if you fall behind on payments, but they can still pursue collection actions, lawsuits, or wage garnishment. Missing payments can hurt your credit, increase your balance with fees and interest, and lead to default if the debt remains unpaid. If you’re struggling with unsecured debt, credit counseling, debt consolidation, or bankruptcy may help you get relief and start fresh.
Read More →Unsecured Debt: What It Is and What Happens if You Don't Repay It?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 21, 2025
Unsecured debt is money you borrow without pledging property as collateral, like credit cards, personal loans, and medical bills. Because the debt is not tied to specific property, lenders can’t automatically take your belongings if you fall behind on payments, but they can still pursue collection actions, lawsuits, or wage garnishment. Missing payments can hurt your credit, increase your balance with fees and interest, and lead to default if the debt remains unpaid. If you’re struggling with unsecured debt, credit counseling, debt consolidation, or bankruptcy may help you get relief and start fresh.
Read More →Why Is Chapter 13 Probably a Bad Idea?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 2, 2024
Chapter 13 can be a helpful way for some people to reorganize and repay their debts. It’s often used by homeowners or people who own expensive property or assets they want to hang on to. But Chapter 13 requires a 3–5-year repayment plan, and many people aren’t able to successfully complete that plan. Also, it’s really difficult to file Chapter 13 successfully without a lawyer.
Read More →Why Is Chapter 13 Probably a Bad Idea?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 2, 2024
Chapter 13 can be a helpful way for some people to reorganize and repay their debts. It’s often used by homeowners or people who own expensive property or assets they want to hang on to. But Chapter 13 requires a 3–5-year repayment plan, and many people aren’t able to successfully complete that plan. Also, it’s really difficult to file Chapter 13 successfully without a lawyer.
Read More →Can I Discharge Tickets, Fines, and Tolls in Bankruptcy?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 18, 2025
It's not easy to discharge most tickets and government fines in bankruptcy. Though it depends on what the tickets or fine was assessed for, many tickets and fines are non-dischargeable debts. That means you have to repay them even if your bankruptcy case is successful in discharging other debts like credit card or medical bills. That said, filing Chapter 13 bankruptcy can be a good way to manage non-dischargeable fines and fees. It can also help you get your driver’s license reinstated if it’s been suspended due to unpaid fines.
Read More →What Is the Automatic Stay in Bankruptcy?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 18, 2025
An automatic stay is a powerful protection that kicks in as soon as you file for bankruptcy. It stops most creditors from trying to collect debts. This means they can't call you, send letters, garnish your wages, or start or continue lawsuits against you. The protection lasts until your Chapter 7 bankruptcy case ends or the court lifts the stay.
Read More →What Is the Automatic Stay in Bankruptcy?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 18, 2025
An automatic stay is a powerful protection that kicks in as soon as you file for bankruptcy. It stops most creditors from trying to collect debts. This means they can't call you, send letters, garnish your wages, or start or continue lawsuits against you. The protection lasts until your Chapter 7 bankruptcy case ends or the court lifts the stay.
Read More →Navigating Financial Aid During and After Bankruptcy: A Step-by-Step Guide
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 19, 2025
Filing for bankruptcy doesn’t block you from getting federal student aid. Most federal loans are based on financial need, not credit history. That means even if you’ve filed Chapter 7 — or are currently in a case — you can still apply for grants, loans, and other aid through FAFSA. Private student loans are a different story. Many lenders look at your credit, so a recent bankruptcy might affect your chances of getting approved or lead to higher interest rates. But it may still be possible.
Read More →Navigating Financial Aid During and After Bankruptcy: A Step-by-Step Guide
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 19, 2025
Filing for bankruptcy doesn’t block you from getting federal student aid. Most federal loans are based on financial need, not credit history. That means even if you’ve filed Chapter 7 — or are currently in a case — you can still apply for grants, loans, and other aid through FAFSA. Private student loans are a different story. Many lenders look at your credit, so a recent bankruptcy might affect your chances of getting approved or lead to higher interest rates. But it may still be possible.
Read More →Guide To Bankruptcy Exemptions: What Can You Keep When You File Chapter 7?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 5, 2026
Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy doesn’t mean losing everything. In fact, most people who file get to keep all of their property, including their home, car, clothes, and everyday household items. That’s because bankruptcy laws include exemptions, which are legal protections for the things you need to live and work.These exemptions exist to help you get a real fresh start. This guide breaks down how bankruptcy exemptions work in Chapter 7, what property they cover, and how to make sure you claim them properly. Whether you're using state or federal exemptions, understanding these protections can give you peace of mind and help you move forward.
Read More →Guide To Bankruptcy Exemptions: What Can You Keep When You File Chapter 7?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 5, 2026
Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy doesn’t mean losing everything. In fact, most people who file get to keep all of their property, including their home, car, clothes, and everyday household items. That’s because bankruptcy laws include exemptions, which are legal protections for the things you need to live and work.These exemptions exist to help you get a real fresh start. This guide breaks down how bankruptcy exemptions work in Chapter 7, what property they cover, and how to make sure you claim them properly. Whether you're using state or federal exemptions, understanding these protections can give you peace of mind and help you move forward.
Read More →Can I Keep Money I Receive From a Lawsuit When I File Bankruptcy?
Written by Curtis Lee, JD. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 5, 2026
If you have the right to sue someone — even if you haven’t filed the lawsuit yet — that right is considered an asset in bankruptcy and must be listed in your forms. Whether you can keep money from the lawsuit depends on when the claim arose and whether exemptions apply to protect it. Federal and state bankruptcy laws offer different exemptions that may protect all, some, or none of the lawsuit proceeds. Disclosing the lawsuit and cooperating with the bankruptcy trustee is essential to avoid having your case dismissed or losing your discharge.
Read More →Bankruptcy Credit Counseling & Financial Management Courses: A Complete Guide
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
If you’re filing for bankruptcy, you must take two required courses: a credit counseling course before filing and a debtor education course after filing. The first course helps you explore debt relief options. The second course teaches financial management skills to help you make the most of the financial fresh start bankruptcy brings. Both must be completed through an approved provider, and you can't complete your bankruptcy case without taking them and submitting your certificate(s) of completion to the court.
Read More →Can You Buy a Car During Chapter 7 Bankruptcy? What To Know About Auto Loans
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 20, 2025
You technically can buy a car during the Chapter 7 bankruptcy process, but that doesn’t mean it’s always the best idea. Lenders may see you as a higher risk, which can mean higher interest rates and less favorable loan terms. Many people find it easier to wait until after their discharge, when they may have more financing options. If buying a car during bankruptcy is necessary, comparing lenders and loan terms can help you make the best financial decision.
Read More →Will Filing Bankruptcy Affect My Apartment Lease?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 10, 2024
Filing for bankruptcy doesn’t cancel your lease or force you to move. If you’re current on rent, you can keep your lease by continuing to pay on time. If you’re behind, the automatic stay temporarily prevents eviction, but you’ll need to catch up on rent to stay. Bankruptcy can wipe out back rent owed before filing, but you’re still responsible for rent after filing. If there’s already an eviction judgment, you’ll need to meet certain requirements to stop the eviction.
Read More →Filing for Bankruptcy While on Disability? Here’s What You Need to Know
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 13, 2025
If you receive disability benefits, they can impact your bankruptcy in two key ways: how your income is reported and whether any unspent funds in your bank account are protected. Social Security disability benefits (SSDI and SSI) must be included on bankruptcy forms like Schedule I, which helps determine whether you can afford your expenses, but they aren’t counted in the means test calculation. VA disability benefits don’t need to be listed on the means test form but must be reported on Schedule I. While ongoing disability benefits are generally safe in bankruptcy, any unspent funds — especially lump-sum back payments — may require a specific exemption to protect them from creditors.
Read More →How To File an Emergency Bankruptcy Case (and What Happens Next)
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 30, 2025
An emergency bankruptcy filing lets you start a Chapter 7 case quickly when you're facing urgent collection actions. Filing just a few forms puts the automatic stay in place to stop things like foreclosure or wage garnishment. You then have 14 days to submit the rest of your paperwork. This extra time can help you gather everything needed to move forward. If done correctly, Chapter 7 can erase many unsecured debts, but it comes with some risks, too, if you aren't able to meet the tight deadlines required.
Read More →What Type of Debt Can I Erase in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 15, 2026
Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a powerful tool that wipes out common consumer debts, including credit card debt, medical bills, personal loans, payday loans, unpaid utility bills, and more. Some debts, like child support and alimony, can’t be discharged in bankruptcy.
Read More →What Type of Debt Can I Erase in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 15, 2026
Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a powerful tool that wipes out common consumer debts, including credit card debt, medical bills, personal loans, payday loans, unpaid utility bills, and more. Some debts, like child support and alimony, can’t be discharged in bankruptcy.
Read More →Can Filing Bankruptcy Help With a Repossession?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 20, 2025
So long as your car hasn’t already been auctioned or sold, filing bankruptcy can help stop repossession. If you file Chapter 7, the automatic stay gives you time to negotiate new, more affordable loan terms with your car lender. It can also get rid of a deficiency judgment if your car is repossessed and sold. Filing Chapter 13 can help you reorganize your auto loan debt to get a more affordable monthly payment and spread out past-due payments over several years.
Read More →What Happens to the Co-Signer of a Car Loan in Bankruptcy?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 29, 2025
When you file for bankruptcy, your co-signer stays legally responsible for the co-signed debt, even if your obligation to repay it is discharged. In Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the lender can still pursue your co-signer if the car is surrendered or the borrower defaults on the loan. Options like reaffirmation or redemption may reduce your co-signer’s risk if payments continue. In Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the co-debtor stay may temporarily stop the lender from going after your co-signer, but this protection is lost if payments aren’t made.
Read More →What Is a Reaffirmation Agreement and How Do You Use One?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 26, 2025
A reaffirmation agreement is a contract you can sign during Chapter 7 bankruptcy to stay personally responsible for a secured debt — usually a car loan — so you can keep the vehicle. While some lenders require reaffirmation, others allow you to keep the car as long as you stay current on payments, even without signing anything. Reaffirmation comes with risks, including the loss of bankruptcy protections if you fall behind later, so it’s important to weigh alternatives like ride-through, redemption, and surrender.
Read More →What You Need To Know About Renting During and After Bankruptcy
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 18, 2025
Filing for bankruptcy can affect your ability to rent since landlords check credit, but it’s still possible to find a new home with the right approach. Your chances of approval depend on factors like how recently you filed, your credit score, and your rental history. Private landlords are often more flexible than large management companies in renting to bankruptcy filers.
Read More →What Happens to Your Tax Refund in Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 14, 2025
In Chapter 7 bankruptcy, tax refunds for income earned before your bankruptcy filing date usually become part of your bankruptcy estate. If the funds aren’t protected by exemptions and you hold on to them, the trustee can use them to pay creditors. However, if you receive your refund and spend it on necessary expenses before filing, it won’t be included in your bankruptcy estate. In Chapter 13 bankruptcy, tax refunds distributed during your repayment plan are typically part of the estate and may go toward paying creditors. Protecting your refund depends on timing, exemptions, and how the funds are used.
Read More →Can I File for Bankruptcy After Moving to a New State?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 27, 2025
Yes, you can file bankruptcy after moving, but it can be a little complicated. Your move affects where you file and what property protections apply. To file in your current state, you must have lived there for at least 91 days. However, using your new state’s exemption laws requires living there for at least 730 days (two years). If you don’t meet this requirement, you may need to rely on your former state’s exemptions — if that state allows non-residents to use them — or use federal bankruptcy exemptions instead.
Read More →What Are the Most Bankruptcy-Friendly Credit Cards?
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 15, 2025
It’s important to rebuild your credit after a bankruptcy. The good news is that you’ll get plenty of offers for credit after your bankruptcy discharge. The bad news is that some of those offers won’t be great, with high interest rates or hidden fees. If you want to rebuild your credit, you need to find the right card to work for you. Read on to learn about some of your options.
Read More →What Debts Are Not Discharged in Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 5, 2025
Though bankruptcy provides real debt relief for folks who are struggling to make ends meet, not every debt is treated equally under bankruptcy law. Bankruptcy is a great way to get rid of credit card debt, medical bills, and personal and payday loans. But bankruptcy can’t wipe out recent income tax you owe, alimony, child support, or debt incurred from illegal acts (embezzlement, larceny, etc.). Though there’s a common misconception that student loan debt can’t be erased in bankruptcy, you can discharge, or wipe out, your student loan debt in Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. You must prove that repaying it is causing undue hardship and that you’ve made good faith efforts to pay in the past.
Read More →How To Deal With Negative Items on Your Credit Report
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 9, 2026
Negative items on your credit report — like missed payments, collections, or even bankruptcy — can hurt your credit score, but they don’t last forever. Most fall off your report after seven years, and their impact fades over time, especially as you build positive credit habits. If something on your report is incorrect, you have the right to dispute it and have it removed. You usually can’t erase accurate information early.
Read More →Can You File Bankruptcy and Keep Your House?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 17, 2025
Many people who file Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy can keep their home, but it depends on several factors. To keep your home in Chapter 7, you’ll need to be up to date on your mortgage payments and your home equity must be covered by the homestead exemption in your state. In Chapter 13, you can catch up on missed mortgage payments through a repayment plan, which can help you keep your home and avoid foreclosure.
Read More →Can You File Bankruptcy and Keep Your House?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 17, 2025
Many people who file Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy can keep their home, but it depends on several factors. To keep your home in Chapter 7, you’ll need to be up to date on your mortgage payments and your home equity must be covered by the homestead exemption in your state. In Chapter 13, you can catch up on missed mortgage payments through a repayment plan, which can help you keep your home and avoid foreclosure.
Read More →Yes! You Can Get a Mortgage After Bankruptcy
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2025
Many people successfully get a mortgage after filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Lenders have their own requirements and waiting periods but buying a home after bankruptcy is possible. The real question here is: When will you be able to qualify for a mortgage? This will vary based on the type of loan you pursue. Many Chapter 7 filers become eligible for a home loan 1–4 years after they receive their bankruptcy discharge, depending on the type of mortgage they apply for.
Read More →How To File Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: A Step-by-Step Guide
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 8, 2026
Chapter 13 bankruptcy is the second most common type of personal bankruptcy after Chapter 7. You’ll need to take several steps to file Chapter 13, and after you file your case, you’ll stick with a 3–5-year repayment plan to get a successful discharge. Because Chapter 13 is complicated, it’s advisable to hire a bankruptcy attorney to help you file your case. Most people who represent themselves in Chapter 13 cases aren’t successful.
Read More →Every Type of Bankruptcy Explained
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 11, 2025
There are six different types of bankruptcies. Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 are the most common types of personal bankruptcy. Chapter 7 is also called a liquidation. It allows the filer to get rid of most of their debts without repaying anything. It works best for individuals without assets like a home. Chapter 13 bankruptcy puts the filer on a repayment plan and can help protect assets like a home. The goal of personal bankruptcies like Chapter 7 and 13 is to give the filer a financial fresh start and relieve them of debt they may never be able to repay. Businesses, farmers, and municipalities can also file bankruptcy under Chapters 9, 11, 12, and 15. These less common types of bankruptcy may be used to restructure or reorganize debt.
Read More →Homestead Exemption 101: How It Works in Bankruptcy
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 23, 2025
The homestead exemption helps protect the equity in your home if you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy. This protection makes it possible for many homeowners to get relief from credit card debt, medical bills, and other unsecured debts without losing their house. There’s a federal exemption, and each state sets its own exemption rules. How much home equity you can protect depends on where you live. If your equity goes over the exemption limit, you may still have options, including Chapter 13 bankruptcy and other forms of debt relief.
Read More →What Are the Pennsylvania Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 10, 2025
If you’ve lived in Pennsylvania for at least two years when you file your Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, you can choose between the state or federal bankruptcy exemptions. For many people, the federal bankruptcy exemptions are more advantageous than the state exemptions. That’s because Pennsylvania doesn’t have a homestead or motor vehicle exemption. The federal exemptions for these are $31,575 and $5,025, respectively. The Pennsylvania wildcard exemption is $300, while the federal wildcard is $1,675 plus $15,800 of any unused portion of your homestead exemption.
Read More →Can’t Afford Your Car Payment? Here Are Your Options
Written by Curtis Lee, JD. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 18, 2025
If you can’t afford your car payment, you have options to either keep your car or let it go. You may be able to refinance your loan, work with your lender on a hardship program, or use bankruptcy to free up money for payments. If keeping the car isn’t feasible, surrendering it, selling it, or using bankruptcy to eliminate remaining loan balances are all options to consider. This article explains these strategies and their pros and cons to help you decide the best path forward.
Read More →What Your Bank Statements Tell the Bankruptcy Trustee
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 28, 2026
Bankruptcy trustees generally ask to see your past 3–6 months of bank statements. This helps trustees to check that the financial information you've reported on your bankruptcy forms is accurate and complete. They may check your balance on the filing date, review deposits and withdrawals, and look for unlisted accounts or assets. Trustees also verify your income and watch for preferential payments, which are transactions that unfairly favor one creditor over others.
Read More →Can You Keep Your Bank Account During Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 28, 2026
Most people who file Chapter 7 bankruptcy can keep their bank accounts, as long as the money in it is protected by a bankruptcy exemption. Exemptions are legal protections that let you keep certain property, including some or all of your bank account balance. Timing and the source of your funds can also affect whether the money is protected. If you owe money to your bank or credit union, or have a large balance, it’s important to understand how that could affect your account before you file.
Read More →Can You Keep Your Bank Account During Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 28, 2026
Most people who file Chapter 7 bankruptcy can keep their bank accounts, as long as the money in it is protected by a bankruptcy exemption. Exemptions are legal protections that let you keep certain property, including some or all of your bank account balance. Timing and the source of your funds can also affect whether the money is protected. If you owe money to your bank or credit union, or have a large balance, it’s important to understand how that could affect your account before you file.
Read More →How To File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy With No Money (Free & Low-Cost Options)
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 14, 2026
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy comes with costs, including court fees, credit counseling fees, and attorney fees. But some filers can do it for free or at a very low cost. If your income is low enough, you can request a court fee waiver and reduced or waived credit counseling fees. Filing without a lawyer is possible, and free tools like Upsolve can help guide you through the process. If you prefer legal help, you may qualify for free or low-cost assistance from legal aid organizations or pro bono attorneys.
Read More →How Often Can You File Bankruptcy? Understanding Time Limits & Rules
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 14, 2026
There is no limit to how many times you can file a bankruptcy case in your lifetime. The frequency of your filings depends on how long it's been since your last bankruptcy case as well as the type of bankruptcy you previously filed — Chapter 7, Chapter 11, and Chapter 13 bankruptcy are the most common types of consumer bankruptcies.
Read More →How Does Bankruptcy Affect a Car Lease?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 15, 2026
Filing bankruptcy affects a car lease differently than a car loan. A car lease isn’t considered a debt you owe, but you still need to report it in your bankruptcy paperwork. If you’re filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you can usually keep the lease if you’re current on payments, or you can give the car back and wipe out any remaining lease-related debt. In Chapter 13, you can typically keep the car and make payments as usual if you’re current, or you can fold past-due payments into your 3–5-year payment plan. Understanding how bankruptcy affects a car lease can help you decide whether to keep the car or walk away.
Read More →How Do I Find an Affordable Bankruptcy Attorney?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Attorney Andrea Wimmer
Updated July 28, 2025
While you’re not required to hire a lawyer to file a bankruptcy case, you may want legal assistance. If so, there are several resources you can use to find an affordable bankruptcy attorney, including your state bar association’s website, the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys, or a local legal aid organization. Many bankruptcy lawyers also offer a free consultation for prospective clients. You can get free legal advice during the consultation and learn more about the lawyer’s fees and options for paying them.
Read More →What Is My Bankruptcy Discharge Date?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 25, 2026
A bankruptcy discharge date marks the end of your bankruptcy case. It happens when a judge signs the order erasing your responsibility to repay certain debts, like credit card bills or medical expenses. This date is listed on the discharge order, which the court will mail to you. Chapter 7 cases usually take 3–6 months, while Chapter 13 cases require completing a 3–5-year repayment plan before you can receive your discharge. Completing required steps, like the debtor education course, ensures there are no delays.
Read More →How To File Bankruptcy Online for Free
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 3, 2026
Only 29 of the 90 U.S. Bankruptcy Courts allow pro-se filers to file their forms online. These 29 courts have Electronic Self-Representation (eSR), which is a tool that allows for online filing. While the majority of bankruptcy courts don ’t allow pro-se filers to file their bankruptcy forms online, many of the other steps can be done online, like accessing the required bankruptcy forms, taking the two required credit counseling and financial education courses, and attending your 341 meeting of creditors (usually).
Read More →How To File Bankruptcy Online for Free
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 3, 2026
Only 29 of the 90 U.S. Bankruptcy Courts allow pro-se filers to file their forms online. These 29 courts have Electronic Self-Representation (eSR), which is a tool that allows for online filing. While the majority of bankruptcy courts don ’t allow pro-se filers to file their bankruptcy forms online, many of the other steps can be done online, like accessing the required bankruptcy forms, taking the two required credit counseling and financial education courses, and attending your 341 meeting of creditors (usually).
Read More →Can a Creditor Levy Your Bank Account More Than Once?
Written by Attorney Todd Carney. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 11, 2026
A bank levy is a legal move that allows creditors to collect an unpaid debt by taking money directly from a borrower’s bank account. Creditors can continue to take money from your account until your debt is paid off. While your account can be levied more than once, you have options and rights., This article will educate you on how to be prepared for a levy and what your rights are.
Read More →Chapter 7 Documents: What You Need To Fill Out Your Bankruptcy Forms
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 8, 2025
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy means filling out detailed forms about your finances, and the documents you gather ahead of time will help you do that accurately. You’ll need paperwork showing your income, debts, property, and expenses — like pay stubs, tax returns, and bank statements. Some documents are required by the court or trustee, while others just make the process easier and help avoid mistakes or delays. This article walks you through what to collect, what’s required, and what’s helpful so you can file with confidence.
Read More →What Happens if a Creditor Gets a Judgment Against Me?
Written by Natasha Wiebusch, J.D.. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
If a creditor sues you and wins, the court may issue a judgment saying you legally owe the debt. Once that happens, the creditor can use legal tools like wage garnishment, bank levies, or property liens to collect. Even after a judgment, you may be able to settle the debt or ask the court to cancel (vacate) the judgment if you had a good reason for not responding to the lawsuit. In some cases, filing for bankruptcy can stop collection efforts and even wipe out the debt.
Read More →What if I Can’t Afford To Pay a Judgment Against Me?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
If a creditor or debt collector has sued you and gotten a court judgement against you, you have three main options: First, You can pay the debt. You may be able to negotiate a voluntary payment plan with the debt collector. Second, you can file to have the judgment vacated or removed. And third, you can file bankruptcy to discharge the debt and stop all collection efforts, including those related to a court judgment.
Read More →Will a Judgment Creditor Take My Car?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
When a creditor sues you and wins a court judgment, they gain powerful tools to collect the debt you owe. These tools include garnishing wages, levying bank accounts, or placing a judgment lien on your property — like your home or car. If a lien is placed on your car, it could put your vehicle at risk, depending on its equity and your state’s exemption laws. This article breaks down what happens when a creditor files a lien on your car, your legal rights, and the steps you can take to protect your property.
Read More →Can Bankruptcy Stop a Lawsuit?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 14, 2026
You can file for bankruptcy even after being served with a lawsuit or having a judgment entered against you. Bankruptcy offers a way to manage overwhelming debt and protect yourself from further legal action. Once you file, most lawsuits are paused through an automatic stay. This process can provide the relief and fresh financial start you need.
Read More →Can Bankruptcy Stop a Lawsuit?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 14, 2026
You can file for bankruptcy even after being served with a lawsuit or having a judgment entered against you. Bankruptcy offers a way to manage overwhelming debt and protect yourself from further legal action. Once you file, most lawsuits are paused through an automatic stay. This process can provide the relief and fresh financial start you need.
Read More →How To Win Against Midland Funding LLC
Written by Attorney Tina Tran. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 11, 2026
If Midland Funding is contacting you, they’re probably attempting to collect a debt. Before you do anything else, determine if the debt is valid. If it is but you can’t afford to pay it in full, you can try to negotiate a debt settlement. If Midland files a lawsuit against you, read the details thoroughly and respond quickly. Use this article as your guide to take on Midland Funding successfully.
Read More →How Can I Get Free Legal Aid Help To File Bankruptcy?
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Attorney Paige Hooper
Updated March 14, 2026
Legal aid provides free or low-cost legal help to people who can’t afford a lawyer. Some legal aid offices help with bankruptcy, but not all do — and many have limited capacity. Eligibility usually depends on income, but other factors like age, disability, or veteran status may also apply. If legal aid can’t take your case, you still have other options. Upsolve is a nonprofit that helps people get a fresh start using a free bankruptcy filing tool.
Read More →Stop Unwanted Calls From 800-955-6600: A Step-by-Step Guide
Written by the Upsolve Team. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Are you receiving repeated phone calls and voicemails from 800-955-6600? This number belongs to Northland Group, a debt collection agency usually working on behalf of Capital One. They're probably calling about an unpaid debt. If Northland Group contacts you, it's best not to ignore the calls, but you don't need to panic either. This guide will walk you through how to verify the debt, stop the calls, and resolve the situation in a way that protects your rights and financial health.
Read More →What Repossession Fees Mean for You
Written by Attorney Serena Siew. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Repossession fees are what creditors pay to repossess your car. Towing, storage, and auction fees are common examples. If you’re delinquent on your car loan and your car is repossessed, those fees are passed on to you. Keep reading to find out more about repossession and what repossession fees mean for you.
Read More →What Are the Tennessee Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Exemptions are important laws that help you protect what you own when you file bankruptcy. If you're filing Chapter 7 and you’ve lived in Tennessee for at least two years, you’ll be required to use the state exemptions. You can use federal non-bankruptcy exemptions to protect certain retirement accounts and disability benefits. The homestead exemption starts at $35,000 for single filers, but there are different rules for filers with specific circumstances. Tennessee doesn’t have a specific motor vehicle exemption, but offers a generous $10,000 personal property exemption you can use to protect your car or any other property not protected by an exemption.
Read More →Can I Keep My Car if I File Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 5, 2026
Many people who file Chapter 7 are able to keep their car. If you're up to date on payments and your car’s value is covered by an exemption in your state, you may be able to keep it. Some filers also choose to keep their car by redeeming the loan (paying a lump sum) or reaffirming it (agreeing to keep making payments). What’s possible depends on your state’s laws and your specific situation.
Read More →Car Repossession: Everything You Need To Know
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 7, 2025
Car repossession happens when a lender takes back a vehicle after missed loan payments. In many states, they can do this without warning or a court order. The lender will usually sell the car, and if the sale price doesn’t cover what you owe, you may still have to pay the difference. You have rights during repossession, including the ability to retrieve personal belongings and protections against wrongful actions. If you're at risk, options like negotiating with your lender, refinancing, or filing for bankruptcy may help you keep your car.
Read More →What Is a Bankruptcy Audit?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 20, 2025
The majority of bankruptcy filers provide the most accurate financial information they can to the court and bankruptcy trustee. But incorrect information can still find its way to the bankruptcy proceeding. Most of the time, these mistakes are accidental, but sometimes they’re deliberate. To help find these mistakes, the U.S. Trustee Program hires outside auditing companies to conduct a detailed review of select bankruptcy petitions.
Read More →Understanding Your Credit Score (After Debt or Bankruptcy)
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated July 1, 2025
A credit score is a three-digit number that reflects how you’ve used credit in the past, based on the data in your credit report. It's calculated using factors like your payment history, credit usage, account age, and recent credit activity. Credit scores can drop after missed payments or bankruptcy, but they’re not permanent. By understanding how scores work and taking small steps — like making on-time payments, lowering balances, and reviewing your credit reports — you can start rebuilding with a clear path forward.
Read More →What Is a Co-Debtor and How Does My Bankruptcy Affect Them?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 18, 2025
A co-debtor is someone who took out a loan with you. In doing so, they agreed to be equally responsible for repaying the loan or debt. If you have debts with co-debtors and don't reaffirm the debt in a Chapter 7 case, your co-debtor will be solely responsible for repaying the debt if you get a bankruptcy discharge. If you file Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the automatic stay will protect both you and the co-debtor so long as you make the payments outlined in your repayment plan.
Read More →I’m a 1099 Contractor. How is My Bankruptcy Different?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 4, 2020
Much of the bankruptcy process is the same for people who are a full-time employee and people who are contractors. However, there are a few differences. When your income is not regular or easily predicted, you must demonstrate that you are eligible to file and ensure that it makes sense to file when you do.
Read More →Self-Employment Income and Bankruptcy: How To Know What Counts and How To Report It
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 25, 2025
If you’re self-employed — whether as an independent contractor, gig worker, sole proprietor, or business owner — it’s important to understand how your income is classified and reported in bankruptcy. Business income must be disclosed in your forms, along with allowable expenses, and the process depends on your business structure. Independent contractors, gig workers, and sole proprietors report business income in personal bankruptcy, while business owners with separate legal entities have additional considerations. This guide explains what counts as business income and how to calculate it for the Chapter 7 means test and Schedule I.
Read More →How To File Bankruptcy on Medical Debt
Written by Attorney Kimberly Berson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated July 29, 2025
If you’re overwhelmed by medical bills, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may offer a powerful path to relief by wiping out unsecured medical debt and stopping collections. This guide explains how Chapter 7 works, who qualifies, and what to expect if you decide to file — including a simple step-by-step breakdown of the process. It also covers important timing considerations and the pros and cons of filing, so you can make an informed decision. If bankruptcy isn’t the right fit, the article outlines alternatives like negotiating with providers, applying for hospital financial assistance, or working with a credit counselor.
Read More →Can Bankruptcy Stop Eviction?
Written by Curtis Lee, JD. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 14, 2026
An automatic stay goes into effect as soon as you file bankruptcy. This temporarily stops all debt collection activity, including eviction actions, as long as the landlord hasn’t already received a judgment in their favor. The automatic stay isn ’t a permanent solution, though. It’s only a temporary measure that may buy you some time to deal with the eviction or find other housing.
Read More →Can Bankruptcy Take Your 401(k) or IRA?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 29, 2025
Retirement accounts are almost always protected in a bankruptcy case. If you're considering filing, it’s best to keep your retirement assets where they are. Unless you can fully pay off all of your debts, taking money out of your retirement accounts to keep up usually only prolongs the inevitable.
Read More →What Are the Arkansas Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 8, 2026
If you’ve lived in Arkansas for at least two years and you’re filing Chapter 7, you can choose between the federal or state bankruptcy exemptions. Bankruptcy exemptions are laws that help you protect your property when you file your case. For many types of property and belongings, federal exemptions are more generous for filers. However, Arkansas does have a generous acreage-based homestead exemption, which can be useful if you’re a homeowner.
Read More →What Are Non-Exempt Assets in Chapter 7?
Written by Curtis Lee, JD. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2026
When you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy, any property you own that isn't fully protected by an exemption is considered a non-exempt asset. If an item has non-exempt equity — meaning its value exceeds the exemption limit — the trustee may be able to sell it to repay your creditors. Most people don't lose anything in bankruptcy because their property is fully protected, but if you do have non-exempt equity, you may have options to keep the item. These include negotiating with the trustee, converting to Chapter 13, or disputing the trustee’s valuation.
Read More →What Is the Presumption of Abuse in Bankruptcy?
Written by Curtis Lee, JD. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated November 3, 2025
You need to meet certain eligibility requirements to file Chapter 7 bankruptcy. If your income is higher than the median income for a similar-sized household in your state, this flags the bankruptcy court of a "presumption of abuse." This doesn't mean you can't file Chapter 7 or that you've abused the system. It does mean you must do more calculations as part of the means test to prove that you don't make enough money to repay your debts and that you aren't taking advantage of the bankruptcy process.
Read More →What Are the Idaho Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 13, 2024
Exemptions help you protect what you own when you file bankruptcy. If you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy as an Idaho resident, you must use the state’s exemption laws. Idaho provides a generous homestead exemption up to $175,000 and a motor vehicle exemption of $10,000. Additionally, Idaho offers a wildcard exemption of $800, which you can apply to any property you choose.
Read More →Already Filed Bankruptcy Then Sued By a Creditor? Do This
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated July 27, 2023
If you're being sued by a creditor for an unpaid debt but you're in the process of filing bankruptcy, you may be wondering if you need to show up to your court date for the creditor's lawsuit against you. It will depend on when your court date is and where you're at in the process of filing your bankruptcy case. If you haven't filed your bankruptcy case by the court date for your creditor's lawsuit against you, make sure you attend the hearing. Otherwise, the judge can potentially grant a default judgment against you simply because you didn’t show up. If you have filed your bankruptcy case, it's still a good idea to show up to the hearing to let the judge know. Or you can contact the court clerk prior to the court date to let them know and see what they advise.
Read More →Already Filed Bankruptcy Then Sued By a Creditor? Do This
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated July 27, 2023
If you're being sued by a creditor for an unpaid debt but you're in the process of filing bankruptcy, you may be wondering if you need to show up to your court date for the creditor's lawsuit against you. It will depend on when your court date is and where you're at in the process of filing your bankruptcy case. If you haven't filed your bankruptcy case by the court date for your creditor's lawsuit against you, make sure you attend the hearing. Otherwise, the judge can potentially grant a default judgment against you simply because you didn’t show up. If you have filed your bankruptcy case, it's still a good idea to show up to the hearing to let the judge know. Or you can contact the court clerk prior to the court date to let them know and see what they advise.
Read More →What Are the New Jersey Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 9, 2026
Every state has its own set of bankruptcy exemptions. There is also a set of federal bankruptcy exemptions contained in the United States Bankruptcy Code. Several states, including New Jersey, allow residents to choose between taking the New Jersey bankruptcy exemptions and the federal exemptions. It’s important to note that you have to pick one set of exemptions and stick to it, you can’t pick and choose from both New Jersey exemptions and federal, rather go with the set that gives you the most protection. If you decide to go with the state exemptions you can also use the federal nonbankruptcy exemptions as a supplement, so long as you meet the qualifications.
Read More →What Are the Georgia Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
If you’ve been a Georgia resident for the last two years before you file Chapter 7, you’ll need to use the state’s exemptions to protect your property during your bankruptcy. Exemptions are laws that outline what property you can keep during bankruptcy. The Georgia homestead exemption is $50,000. The motor vehicle exemption is $5,000. Georgia also has a wildcard exemption you can use to protect other personal property, up to $1,200. If you don’t use the full homestead exemption, you can apply up to $10,000 of the unused portion to protect personal property as well.
Read More →Do I Need To Include My Spouse’s Income and Expenses on My Bankruptcy Forms?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 28, 2025
If you and your spouse are filing a joint bankruptcy, you have to include their income and expenses on all of the required bankruptcy forms. If you and your spouse live together, but your spouse isn’t filing bankruptcy with you, you still need to include their income and expenses on Schedules I and J and your Statement of Current Monthly Income.
Read More →What Are the New York Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 23, 2025
Bankruptcy exemptions are laws that allow people filing for bankruptcy to retain their essential belongings, instead of losing everything to pay off debts. These laws vary from state to state. If you have lived in New York for at least two years and you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you will use the state's exemptions to protect your personal property, like your car, from being seized. The homestead exemption in New York varies based on where your residence is located. The motor vehicle exemption is $4,825 (or $11,975 if your car is equipped for a disabled person). New York also has a $1,100 wildcard exemption.
Read More →Should I File Bankruptcy Before Getting Married?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 11, 2025
If you’re thinking about bankruptcy and also planning a wedding, the timing can make a big difference. Filing before getting married may make it easier to qualify for Chapter 7 and protect your future spouse’s finances. Filing after marriage could make sense if you both have debt to deal with, but it can also make your case more complicated. There’s no one right answer — it depends on your income, your debts, and whether you plan to file together or alone.
Read More →Can You File Bankruptcy on Payday Loans?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 30, 2025
Payday loans can provide quick cash but often come with extremely high costs that trap borrowers in a cycle of debt. When payments are missed, aggressive collection tactics may follow — but federal laws like the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) protect you from harassment. While options like refinancing exist, they often make the debt more expensive. For many, bankruptcy offers a more permanent solution by stopping collections and potentially erasing payday loan balances. Understanding your rights and exploring all debt relief options can help you break free from payday loan debt for good.
Read More →What Are the Indiana Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 13, 2026
If you’ve been an Indiana resident for at least two years when you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you’ll be required to use the state’s bankruptcy exemptions to protect your property and belongings. Indiana offers a $22,750 homestead exemption you can use to help protect your primary residence. There is no motor vehicle exemption in Indiana, but you can use the state’s $12,100 wildcard exemption to protect your car and other personal property.
Read More →How To Find All the Debts You Owe
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 10, 2025
If you're overwhelmed by debt collectors and collection agencies calling you to collect a debt, it can seem as though you'll never be able to remember who they all are. But, it's important to give the bankruptcy court a list of all of your creditors, so here are some steps you can take to make sure you didn't miss anyone.
Read More →How To Find All the Debts You Owe
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 10, 2025
If you're overwhelmed by debt collectors and collection agencies calling you to collect a debt, it can seem as though you'll never be able to remember who they all are. But, it's important to give the bankruptcy court a list of all of your creditors, so here are some steps you can take to make sure you didn't miss anyone.
Read More →Can I Sell My Car During Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Alexander Hernandez. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 21, 2025
You can sell your car during bankruptcy, but the process depends on whether you filed Chapter 7 or Chapter 13. Key factors include how much equity you have in the car and whether that equity is protected by bankruptcy exemptions. In Chapter 7, the trustee may sell the car if it has nonexempt value, while in Chapter 13, the sale could impact your repayment plan. In either case, it’s important to get the trustee’s permission before moving forward with the sale.
Read More →What Are the Minnesota Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Karra Kingston. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 2, 2025
Exemptions are used to protect your property and assets as you go trhough bankruptcy. You can choose from two sets of exemptions when you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Minnesota — federal bankruptcy exemptions and Minnesota bankruptcy exemptions. If you choose to use Minnesota’s bankruptcy exemptions, you may also use the federal nonbankruptcy exemptions to protect retirement accounts and disability benefits.
Read More →How Do I Know if My Trustee Is Going To Take My Money or Property?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 21, 2025
Most people who file Chapter 7 bankruptcy don’t lose any of their money or property because exemptions protect the things they need to live. This article explains how to find out if any of your assets are at risk, both before and after you file, including what to look for on your bankruptcy forms and during your 341 meeting. It also covers what happens if you receive property after filing—like a tax refund or inheritance—and how that can affect your case. You’ll also learn what it means if the trustee asks you to update your exemptions, and how to tell if your case is considered a no-asset case.
Read More →What Are the South Carolina Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 23, 2025
Only 17 states allow their residents to choose between claiming state exemptions and federal bankruptcy exemptions. South Carolina is not one of these states. Instead, South Carolina law provides residents with state-specific exemptions and does not allow its residents to claim federal exemptions. While some federal law in the Bankruptcy Code does influence how some South Carolina exemptions are structured, the kinds of exempt property filers can claim and the exemption amounts that apply to bankruptcy cases are state-specific. It’s important to note that if you have lived in South Carolina for less than 2 years, you may not be able to claim South Carolina’s exemptions to your property.
Read More →What Are the Massachusetts Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 9, 2026
Massachusetts law allows for most residents to choose between federal bankruptcy exemptions and state exemptions to property that could be affected by the bankruptcy process. The only time that this choice is not available is if a filer is a new Massachusetts resident and has lived in the state for less than two years. By examining each approach below, you can determine whether your case will be served best by applying Massachusetts exemptions or by claiming those available under federal law. Oftentimes, both schemes do an equally adequate job of safeguarding a filer’s property. But sometimes, it’s advantageous to choose one option over the other.
Read More →What Are the Utah Bankruptcy Exemptions?
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
Utah law requires residents who have lived in the state for at least two years to use its state exemptions when filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Exemptions protect your property during the bankruptcy process so that you can get a financial fresh start without having to start from scratch. If you’re filing as a single person, the homestead exemption in Utah is $42,000. The motor vehicle exemption is $3,000. Utah doesn’t offer a wildcard exemption.
Read More →Can I Get a Job, Housing, and Benefits if I File for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 17, 2025
Many people worry that filing bankruptcy will have a negative impact on their housing, job, and other important opportunities. The truth is that the vast majority of bankruptcy filers keep their day-to-day lives intact without issue. The law protects you from being fired for filing bankruptcy, and you can still receive public benefits.
Read More →Can I Get a Job, Housing, and Benefits if I File for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 17, 2025
Many people worry that filing bankruptcy will have a negative impact on their housing, job, and other important opportunities. The truth is that the vast majority of bankruptcy filers keep their day-to-day lives intact without issue. The law protects you from being fired for filing bankruptcy, and you can still receive public benefits.
Read More →Do You Have To Go To Court To File Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 13, 2025
Most bankruptcy filers don’t have to attend any formal court proceedings before a judge. There are some rare exceptions to this, but most of the time you’ll only go to court to file your paperwork with the clerk. You'll have to attend a meeting of creditors, but this won’t be held in a courtroom or before a judge. In fact, most meetings are held virtually.
Read More →Do You Have To Go To Court To File Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 13, 2025
Most bankruptcy filers don’t have to attend any formal court proceedings before a judge. There are some rare exceptions to this, but most of the time you’ll only go to court to file your paperwork with the clerk. You'll have to attend a meeting of creditors, but this won’t be held in a courtroom or before a judge. In fact, most meetings are held virtually.
Read More →Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: What’s the Difference?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated February 17, 2026
Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy are the two most common types of personal bankruptcy filings. Chapter 7 bankruptcy can wipe out unsecured debts like credit card debt and medical bills in just 3-4 months. Though the filing can stay on your credit report for 10 years. You must pass a means test and meet certain criteria to qualify for Chapter 7. Chapter 13 takes longer — usually 3-5 years — because filers are on a repayment plan. After the plan is up, any remaining unsecured debt is discharged. Chapter 7 can stay on your credit report for up to 7 years. Some filers choose Chapter 13 because they don’t qualify for Chapter 7 or because they own certain assets they want to protect. Even though there are differences between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy, each one grants the filer a fresh financial start in the form of a bankruptcy discharge — a court order that relieves you of your debt and bans creditors from trying to collect from you on this debt.
Read More →How Long Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Take?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 21, 2025
From filing to discharge (wiping out debts), Chapter 7 bankruptcy cases typically take 4–6 months. As far as personal bankruptcies go, Chapter 7 is the fastest. By comparison, Chapter 13 takes 3–5 years because a repayment plan is involved. If you file Chapter 7, the timeline for receiving your discharge will depend on how complicated your case is, what kind of debt you have, and how quickly you complete the requirements, like the financial management course.
Read More →How Long Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Take?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 21, 2025
From filing to discharge (wiping out debts), Chapter 7 bankruptcy cases typically take 4–6 months. As far as personal bankruptcies go, Chapter 7 is the fastest. By comparison, Chapter 13 takes 3–5 years because a repayment plan is involved. If you file Chapter 7, the timeline for receiving your discharge will depend on how complicated your case is, what kind of debt you have, and how quickly you complete the requirements, like the financial management course.
Read More →How To Stop Wage Garnishment Immediately
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 17, 2025
There are four direct ways you can take action to stop a wage garnishment: 1. Try to negotiate a payment plan with your creditor(s) or settle your debt. 2. Challenge the wage garnishment in court. 3. File for bankruptcy to stop the garnishment fast. 4. Reach out to a nonprofit to ask for financial assistance. Having your wages garnished reduces your disposable income and can feel very stressful. But remember, you have rights and there are ways to stop the garnishment.
Read More →What Are the Pros and Cons of Filing Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2025
The main pros to Chapter 7 are that you can receive immediate relief from collection actions (due to the automatic stay) as well as permanent relief from debts if your bankruptcy is discharged. The main cons to Chapter 7 bankruptcy are that most secured debts won’t be erased, you may lose nonexempt property, and your credit score will likely take a temporary hit. Filing for bankruptcy is a very effective way to eliminate debt and get a fresh start. As with everything, there are upsides and downsides to filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Read More →What Personal Property Can Be Seized After a Judgment?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
If a creditor sues you to collect on an unpaid debt and wins, they'll get a court judgment against you. This court order allows them to collect on the debt by seizing your real or personal property (or putting a lien on it), garnishing your wages, or levying your bank account. Personal property includes everything from household goods to vehicles. Real property includes things like your home or land. Though creditors can legally seize real and personal property that isn’t covered by an exemption, this isn't common because it can be costly for creditors. It's more common for creditors to use wage garnishment or a bank account levy.
Read More →Do I Still Owe Money After My Car Is Repossessed?
Written by Attorney Amelia Niemi. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 10, 2024
Yes, you may still owe money after your car is repossessed. If the lender repossesses your car and sells it at auction for less than the amount you owe on your loan, you’ll be responsible for paying the remaining amount, called a deficiency balance. This can include additional fees like towing, storage, and auction costs. While repossession doesn’t erase your debt, options like negotiating with your lender or filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy can help you manage or eliminate the remaining balance.
Read More →How Does The Repo Man Find Your Car?
Written by Attorney Thomas J. Pearson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated December 13, 2024
Repossession happens when a lender takes back a car because the borrower has fallen behind on payments. Repo agents use personal details, social media, and tools like GPS trackers and license plate scanners to find vehicles. They can legally repossess cars from public spaces but cannot enter locked or gated private property. After repossession, the lender typically sells the car, and you may still owe a deficiency balance if the sale doesn’t cover the remaining loan and fees.
Read More →Understanding a Bank Levy and What You Can Do if Your Account Is Frozen
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
If a creditor or debt collector sues you for an unpaid debt and they win, they may be able to get a court order for a bank levy. This allows them to take funds you owe directly from your bank account. Most creditors will have to jump through some legal hoops to do this, but some government agencies can levy your bank account without first getting a court order.
Read More →Can You File Bankruptcy on Student Loans? Yes. Here's How.
Written by Attorney Tina Tran. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 9, 2026
If you're eligible, you may be able to get certain federal student loans discharged through Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. After you file your bankruptcy case, you must take an additional step to start an adversary proceeding to have your loans discharged. In recent years, this process has been streamlined, and many filers with federal student loan debt have been able to do this on their own without hiring a lawyer to help. Only federal Direct Loans or Direct Consolidation Loans held by the Department of Education can be discharged through bankruptcy. Also, you must be able to show that you are unable to make payments but have made a good faith effort to do so in past years.
Read More →Can I Settle a Debt After a Lawsuit Has Been Filed?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 11, 2026
Yes, you can settle a debt even if a lawsuit has already been filed against you. Some lenders may allow you to pay off your debt through either a repayment plan or partial lump-sum settlement. Either way, ignoring a debt is not a good option. It will only create more issues in the future. It can feel overwhelming to be served with a debt lawsuit. But remember, you’re not alone and you have options.
Read More →Should I File For Bankruptcy or Try Debt Relief?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 26, 2025
When you’re trying to figure out the best debt relief option, first consider how much debt you have, whether you want to call in outside help or support, how quickly you’re hoping to repay the debt, and how important your credit score is to you right now. You have several debt-relief strategies available to you, and each has its pros and cons.
Read More →Should I File For Bankruptcy or Try Debt Relief?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 26, 2025
When you’re trying to figure out the best debt relief option, first consider how much debt you have, whether you want to call in outside help or support, how quickly you’re hoping to repay the debt, and how important your credit score is to you right now. You have several debt-relief strategies available to you, and each has its pros and cons.
Read More →What Is Credit Counseling?
Written by Attorney Tina Tran. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 10, 2024
Credit counseling is a great starting point for people who need help figuring out the best way to deal with their debt. Nonprofit credit counselors review your income and debt and help you develop a personalized plan to repay your debts. They’ll go over several potential debt relief solutions, including budgeting, starting a debt management plan, consolidating your debt, or filing bankruptcy.
Read More →Can I File Bankruptcy if I’m in a Debt Relief Program?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 25, 2025
Yes, you can file bankruptcy even if you’re in or were in a debt relief program such as a debt management plan. Once you file your bankruptcy case with the court, you can stop making the payments under the debt relief plan you’re in (if you haven ’t already). Once the bankruptcy court grants your discharge, you won’t have to worry about repaying the debts included in your case. Many people can benefit from other debt-relief options before filing bankruptcy, but sometimes bankruptcy is the best choice to meet your financial goals and take control of your debt.
Read More →The Complete Guide to the 341 Meeting of Creditors: What To Expect and How To Prepare
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 30, 2026
The 341 meeting of creditors is a key step in every Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, where you meet briefly with a trustee to confirm the information in your paperwork. For most people, the meeting is quick, straightforward, and far less stressful than expected. This guide covers everything you need to know — from how to prepare and what to bring, to what happens during and after the meeting. You’ll also learn how to handle common concerns and what to expect next on your path toward a financial fresh start.
Read More →The Complete Guide to the 341 Meeting of Creditors: What To Expect and How To Prepare
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 30, 2026
The 341 meeting of creditors is a key step in every Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, where you meet briefly with a trustee to confirm the information in your paperwork. For most people, the meeting is quick, straightforward, and far less stressful than expected. This guide covers everything you need to know — from how to prepare and what to bring, to what happens during and after the meeting. You’ll also learn how to handle common concerns and what to expect next on your path toward a financial fresh start.
Read More →How Do You Answer a Summons for Debt Without an Attorney?
Written by Ben Jackson. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 11, 2026
If you receive a summons and complaint from a debt collector or creditor, it means you’re being sued for unpaid debt. It’s important to respond to (or answer) the lawsuit. You do this by filing official paperwork with the court. Be sure to address every point in the complaint, raise any defenses you have, and file the paperwork within the time frame provided. Debt collectors are counting on you not to answer the lawsuit so that they can win by default. Don’t be intimidated! Take control and learn how to file an answer by reading this guide. You do not need an attorney to answer a debt collection lawsuit successfully.
Read More →What Is Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2025
Bankruptcy is a legal process that helps people eliminate or reorganize their debts and get a fresh start. Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy are the most common types of personal bankruptcy. Chapter 7 wipes out your eligible debts, including credit card debt, medical bills, and more, in a matter of months. Chapter 13 requires a multiyear repayment plan but can help you catch up on past-due car or home loan payments.
Read More →Foreclosure 101: Your Guide To Navigating the Process
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2026
Foreclosure is the legal process that allows lenders to take ownership of a home when a borrower falls behind on mortgage payments. The process varies by state but is either judicial (requiring court approval) or nonjudicial (allowing lenders to proceed without a lawsuit). Foreclosure can damage your credit, lead to eviction, and leave you responsible for any remaining debt if the home sells for less than what you owe. However, homeowners have rights, including receiving proper notice and staying in the home until foreclosure is finalized. Options like loan modifications, repayment plans, or even filing bankruptcy may help stop or delay foreclosure. This comprehensive guide explains how foreclosure works, what rights homeowners have, and the options available to prevent or navigate the process.
Read More →The Complete Guide To Medical Bills and Wage Garnishment
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2026
A healthcare provider can try to collect unpaid medical debts, just like any other debt collector might. A provider may even take legal action to garnish a patient’s wages if their collection efforts are ignored. Before a provider can take your wages, the facility or physician must sue you for nonpayment and win the case in court. If a healthcare provider wins a lawsuit against you, the court will award a judgment (court order) to the provider or its collection agent to garnish your wages. You may be able to avoid or stop a garnishment. Learn more in this article.
Read More →Should I Keep Paying My Credit Cards if I’m Going To File Bankruptcy?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2026
If you're planning to file for bankruptcy, you usually don't need to keep paying your credit cards. In Chapter 7, credit card debt is typically wiped out, so making payments may not make sense. In Chapter 13, your debt will be included in a repayment plan, so you can stop paying and focus on that instead. Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 have different goals and benefits, so knowing which type of bankruptcy you're filing will help you decide what to do.
Read More →How Do Creditors Know You Filed for Bankruptcy — And Should You Tell Them First?
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2026
You don’t have to tell your creditors before filing for bankruptcy. In fact, doing so can sometimes cause more stress than it’s worth. Once you file, the court automatically sends a notice to every creditor you list in your paperwork. This triggers the automatic stay, which stops most collection efforts like calls, garnishments, or lawsuits. But it only takes effect after your case is filed. Being thoughtful about when creditors find out can help you avoid extra stress and protect your peace of mind.
Read More →Judgments: How Long Do They Last and Will Bankruptcy Help?
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 12, 2026
If a creditor sues you for an unpaid debt and wins, the court issues a judgment against you. This gives the creditor the legal right to take serious collection actions like wage garnishment or bank levies. How long a judgment lasts depends on your state — some expire after five years, while others can remain in effect for up to 20 years. Many states also allow creditors to renew judgments. If you can’t afford to pay a judgment, filing for bankruptcy may help eliminate it.
Read More →How To Fill Out Schedule J: Your Expenses for Chapter 7
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Written October 21, 2025
Schedule J is a required bankruptcy form that lists your estimated monthly expenses after filing Chapter 7. It helps the court understand your household budget and determine whether you have any disposable income left to pay creditors. You’ll need to include a wide range of expenses, from rent and utilities to transportation and personal care. Expenses typically need to be both accurate and reasonable.
Read More →How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Ohio
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice, Chiara King. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated January 14, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Ohioans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Ohio.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Illinois
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 3, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Illinoisans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Illinois.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Indiana
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Chiara King. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 2, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Hoosiers file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Indiana
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Michigan
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice, Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 2, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Michiganders file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Michigan.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Texas
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 5, 2026
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Texas can give you a fresh start — and you don’t need to hire a lawyer to do it. Many Texans with simple cases file successfully on their own, and Upsolve’s free tool can help walk you through each step. This guide covers how to gather the documents you need, fill out your forms, take the required courses, and file your case with the court. It also explains what happens after you file, including your trustee meeting and what to expect if you want to keep your car.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Pennsylvania
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice, Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Written June 11, 2019
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Pennsylvanians file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Pennsylvania.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Tennessee
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 2, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Tennesseans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Tennessee.
Wage Garnishment in Louisiana
Written by Natasha Wiebusch, J.D.. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 4, 2025
Wage garnishment in Louisiana happens when money is taken from your paycheck to repay a debt, usually after a creditor wins a lawsuit against you. While some government debts like taxes or child support don’t require a court judgment, most other creditors must go through a legal process before they can garnish your wages. Louisiana law limits how much of your income can be taken and protects certain types of income entirely. Filing for bankruptcy is often the most effective way to stop a garnishment and eliminate the debt behind it, and Upsolve can help you explore that option for free.
Wage Garnishment in Kentucky
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated October 28, 2025
Wage garnishment is a legal process where a creditor can take part of your paycheck after winning a court judgment against you. In Kentucky, state and federal laws limit how much can be taken, and some types of income are fully protected. The garnishment process includes several steps, but people often explore options like challenging the garnishment, setting up a payment plan, or filing for bankruptcy to stop it. Free or low-cost help may be available through legal aid organizations across Kentucky.
Wage Garnishment in Kansas
Written by Attorney Jenni Klock Morel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated November 20, 2025
Wage garnishment in Kansas happens when money is taken from your paycheck to pay off a debt. Most creditors must sue you and win before they can do this, but debts like child support or taxes can be garnished without a court case. In Kansas, only the original creditor can garnish wages — debt buyers and collectors can’t, even if they win in court. State law limits how much of your paycheck can be taken and protects income like Social Security or public assistance. You can stop garnishment by paying the debt, filing bankruptcy, or claiming exemptions.
Wage Garnishment in Florida
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated August 27, 2025
A wage garnishment order allows creditors to take money directly from your paycheck. Most of the time, this is only possible after a court has entered a judgment. Here's how Florida regulates wage garnishments.
Wage Garnishment in Illinois
Written by Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated November 7, 2025
In Illinois, most creditors must sue you and win a court judgment before they can garnish your wages, but some debts, like taxes and child support, can be garnished without a court order. Once the court approves the garnishment, your employer must withhold part of your paycheck, though the law limits how much they can take. Garnishment continues until the full debt, including interest and fees, is paid off. Many people stop garnishment by filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which triggers a legal pause on collection efforts and can wipe out the debt entirely.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Maryland
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated September 3, 2025
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Maryland can help you erase debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans, and many people do it without hiring a lawyer. This guide walks you through each step, including how to gather documents, take required courses, fill out forms, and file with the court. While Upsolve’s free filing tool isn’t available in Maryland, you’ll find detailed instructions and resources to help you file on your own.
Wage Garnishment in Nevada
Written by Attorney Kassandra Kuehl. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 13, 2026
In Nevada, most creditors must sue you and win a court judgment before they can garnish your wages, though government debts like taxes or child support may follow different rules. Once the court approves the garnishment, your employer must withhold part of your paycheck. The amount depends on how much you earn and state law. Some income, like Social Security, unemployment, and child support you receive, is protected and can’t be garnished. Many people stop garnishment by paying the debt, settling with the creditor, or filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which can pause collections and wipe out certain debts.
Connecticut Debt Collection Laws: Know Your Rights
Written by Attorney Tina Tran. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 14, 2026
The state of Connecticut has two robust debt collection laws that protect its residents from creditor harassment and unfair practices in the debt collection process. Connecticut law also requires third-party collection agencies to be licensed. These laws accompany the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), which seeks to protect consumers from exploitative third-party debt collectors.
Wage Garnishment in Arkansas
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Wage garnishment in Arkansas happens when a creditor takes money directly from your paycheck to collect a debt, usually after getting a court order. Some debts, like taxes or child support, can be garnished without a lawsuit. Federal and state laws limit how much of your paycheck can be taken, and certain types of income, like Social Security, are protected. You may be able to stop a garnishment by paying the debt, negotiating with the creditor, or filing for bankruptcy.
Wage Garnishment in Wisconsin
Written by Lawyer John Coble. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Wage garnishment happens when money is taken from your paycheck to repay a debt, usually after a creditor sues you and wins a court judgment. In Wisconsin, most garnishments come from consumer debts like credit cards or medical bills, but state law limits how much of your income can be taken. The process includes several steps, but you may be able to stop the garnishment by filing objections, claiming exemptions, or filing for bankruptcy. For people struggling with multiple debts, bankruptcy can stop wage garnishment and may erase the debt entirely.
Wage Garnishment in New Jersey
Written by Natasha Wiebusch, J.D.. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
In New Jersey, most creditors must sue you and get a court judgment before they can garnish your wages, but some debts — like unpaid taxes, child support, and federal student loans — don’t require a court case first. Once the court approves the garnishment, your employer must withhold a portion of your paycheck, usually between 10% and 25% of your disposable income. You have the right to object and may be able to reduce or stop the garnishment by showing financial hardship. Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy also stops most garnishments and can erase many common debts.
Stop Wage Garnishment in Virginia: Your Rights and Options
Written by Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 15, 2026
Wage garnishment in Virginia is a legal process that allows a creditor to take money directly from your paycheck to collect a debt. Most creditors must first sue you and win a court judgment before they can garnish your wages. Once a judgment is in place, the creditor can ask the court to send a wage garnishment order to your employer. Virginia law limits how much money can be taken from each paycheck and provides exemptions to protect some types of income. This guide explains how wage garnishment works in Virginia, how much can be taken, and what steps you can take to stop or reduce it.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Nevada
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 29, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Nevadans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Nevada.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Montana
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Mae Koppes. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 30, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Montanans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Montana.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Mississippi
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 1, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Mississippians file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Mississippi.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Minnesota
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Chiara King. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated May 5, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Minnesotans file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Minnesota.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Connecticut
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated June 4, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Nutmeggers file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Connecticut.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Arizona
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Andrea Wimmer. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated March 2, 2026
Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Arizona can help you wipe out debt and get a fresh start — and you may be able to do it for free without a lawyer. This guide walks you through every step, from taking the required credit counseling course to submitting your forms and attending your meeting with the trustee. You’ll learn how to gather the right documents, apply for fee waivers, and protect your property using Arizona’s exemptions. If your case is simple, you may even qualify to use Upsolve’s free tool to file on your own.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Washington
Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice, Krishna Patel. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated July 10, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Washingtonians file without a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Washington.
How To File Bankruptcy for Free in Vermont
Written by Attorney Andrea Wimmer, Attorney Paige Hooper. Legally reviewed by Jonathan Petts
Updated April 16, 2026
If you're dealing with debt that feels impossible to get out from under, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be the fresh start you need. It can erase eligible debts like credit cards, medical bills, and payday loans — and many Vermonters file wihout a lawyer or any filing costs. This guide covers everything you need to know to file in Vermont.
